Boston became John Brown's adopted home in the late 1850s. He visited five times and forged close alliances with black and white leaders, from Lewis Hayden to Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Samuel Gridley Howe, Theodore Parker, George Stearns, and Franklin Sanborn to Emerson and Thoreau, who financed his raid on Harpers Ferry in October 1859. Brown's raid was a crucial catalyst that led directly to secession and war.
Portrait file, B – No source, n.d.
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